Chromosomal Abnormalities

Chromosomal abnormalities are changes in the number or structure of chromosomes. They cause a wide range of conditions, from miscarriage to recognizable syndromes.

Table of Contents

Common Types

  • Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
  • Turner syndrome (45,X)
  • Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY)
  • Trisomy 18 (Edwards), 13 (Patau)
  • Translocations, deletions, duplications

Detection

  • Prenatal screening (cell-free DNA, ultrasound markers)
  • Diagnostic testing (CVS, amniocentesis, karyotype)
  • Chromosomal microarray
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • ACMG. Genetics Resources.