Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare but serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes, usually triggered by medications. It is a medical emergency requiring hospitalization.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: L51.1
- Triggers: Medications, infections
- Emergency: Yes — requires hospital care
Emergency Warning
Seek immediate emergency care for:
- Painful rash spreading on the skin
- Blisters on skin, lips, eyes, mouth, or genitals
- Sloughing of the skin
- Fever with rash
- Recent new medication followed by rash
Symptoms
- Flu-like symptoms a few days before the rash (fever, sore throat, cough)
- Painful red or purplish rash that spreads
- Blisters on skin and mucous membranes (mouth, eyes, genitals)
- Sloughing of the top layer of skin
- Painful eyes, redness, discharge
When skin involvement exceeds 30% of body surface, it is called toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), a more severe form on the same spectrum.
Common Triggers
- Medications (most common): allopurinol, anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin), sulfa antibiotics, NSAIDs, nevirapine
- Infections: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, herpes simplex, HIV
- Some cases have no identified trigger
Treatment
- Immediate hospitalization, often in a burn unit
- Stop the suspected medication immediately
- Fluid replacement and nutrition support
- Wound care
- Eye care to prevent long-term damage
- Pain control
- Cyclosporine, IVIG, or other therapies in selected cases
When to See a Doctor
Any painful rash that develops in someone recently started on a new medication is a medical emergency. Do not wait.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can SJS happen again?
Yes — anyone who has had SJS must permanently avoid the triggering medication and chemically related drugs. Wear medical-alert identification.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American Academy of Dermatology. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome.