Angioedema

Angioedema is rapid, often painless swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, usually around the eyes, lips, or extremities. It can occur with hives or alone, and severe cases involving the airway are emergencies.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: T78.3
  • Common causes: Allergy, medications, hereditary
  • Emergency if: Airway involvement

When to Call 911

Call 911 for angioedema with:
  • Swelling of the tongue, throat, or lips that is rapidly progressing
  • Trouble breathing or swallowing
  • Hoarseness or stridor (high-pitched breathing)
  • Hives, wheezing, or low blood pressure (possible anaphylaxis)

Causes

Allergic

  • Foods (nuts, shellfish, eggs)
  • Insect stings
  • Medications (especially antibiotics)

Drug-induced (non-allergic)

  • ACE inhibitors (a well-known cause)
  • NSAIDs

Hereditary angioedema (HAE)

Genetic condition with recurrent episodes, often without hives. Caused by C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency.

Acquired and idiopathic forms

Some cases are due to autoantibodies or have no identifiable cause.

Treatment

Allergic angioedema

  • Antihistamines
  • Corticosteroids
  • Epinephrine if severe or with anaphylaxis

ACE inhibitor angioedema

Stop the medication; airway management as needed. Antihistamines and steroids are less effective.

Hereditary angioedema

Specific medications: C1 inhibitor concentrate, ecallantide, icatibant, lanadelumab, and others.

When to See a Doctor

Seek emergency care for any airway involvement. Schedule outpatient follow-up after the first episode to identify the cause and discuss prevention.

Related Conditions

Hives

Often accompanies angioedema

 Hereditary Angioedema

Specific genetic form

 Anaphylaxis

Severe allergic reaction

Frequently Asked Questions

Will antihistamines help all angioedema?

They help allergic angioedema but are less effective for hereditary angioedema and ACE inhibitor angioedema, which need different treatments.

Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Angioedema Information.