Periodontitis (Gum Disease)
Periodontitis is serious gum disease that damages soft tissue and the bone supporting the teeth. It is a leading cause of tooth loss in adults and is linked to other health conditions.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: K05.3
- Affects: ~40% of adults over 30
- Cause: Bacterial plaque, immune response
Signs
- Bleeding gums when brushing or flossing
- Swollen, red, or tender gums
- Gums pulling away from teeth (recession)
- Persistent bad breath
- Loose teeth
- Painful chewing
- Pus between teeth and gums
Risk Factors
- Smoking (a major risk factor)
- Diabetes
- Poor oral hygiene
- Genetic susceptibility
- Hormonal changes
- Certain medications that reduce saliva
- Stress
Treatment
Non-surgical
- Scaling and root planing (deep cleaning)
- Antibiotic therapy (local or oral) in selected cases
- Maintenance cleanings every 3–4 months
Surgical
- Flap surgery to clean deep pockets
- Bone or tissue grafts
- Tooth removal for hopeless teeth
Prevention
- Brush twice daily
- Floss daily or use interdental brushes
- Regular dental cleanings
- Don't smoke
- Control diabetes
When to See a Dentist
See a dentist for bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, gum recession, or loose teeth. Earlier intervention is much more effective.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can periodontitis be reversed?
Damage to the supporting bone usually cannot be fully reversed, but the disease can be stopped and managed long-term.
Is gum disease linked to heart disease?
Periodontitis is associated with cardiovascular disease, though the exact causal relationship is still being studied. Good oral care is part of overall health.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American Dental Association. Gum Disease Patient Information.