Cauda Equina Syndrome

Cauda equina syndrome is compression of the nerve roots at the base of the spine. It can cause permanent loss of bowel, bladder, and sexual function if not treated urgently. Recognizing the red flags is critical.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: G83.4
  • Severity: Surgical emergency
  • Time critical: Yes — within hours

Call 911 or Go to the ER

Seek emergency care immediately for:
  • New bowel or bladder incontinence or retention
  • Numbness in the groin or inner thighs ('saddle anesthesia')
  • Severe leg weakness, especially affecting both legs
  • Severe back pain with these symptoms
  • Reduced sexual function with the above

Causes

  • Large lumbar disc herniation
  • Spinal stenosis
  • Trauma
  • Tumors or epidural abscess
  • Spinal epidural hematoma

Treatment

  • Emergency MRI
  • Surgical decompression — outcomes are best within 24–48 hours of symptom onset
  • Treatment of underlying cause

Related Conditions

Herniated Disc

Common cause

 Back Pain

Often present

 Spinal Cord Injury

Related neurologic emergency
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • North American Spine Society. Cauda Equina Syndrome.