Spinal Cord Injury
A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that disrupts signals between the brain and the body below the injury level. Severity depends on the location and completeness of the injury.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: T09.3
- Most common cause: Motor vehicle crashes, falls
- Recovery: Variable; rehabilitation key
Suspected SCI Is an Emergency
Call 911 and avoid moving anyone with a possible spinal injury unless they are in immediate danger. Keep the head and neck still until trained help arrives.
Symptoms
- Loss of movement below the injury level
- Loss of or altered sensation
- Loss of bowel or bladder control
- Exaggerated reflexes or spasms
- Pain or intense stinging from nerve damage
- Difficulty breathing (high cervical injuries)
Causes
- Motor vehicle accidents
- Falls (especially in older adults)
- Violence (gunshot, stab wounds)
- Sports injuries
- Disease (tumors, infections, arthritis)
Treatment
- Emergency stabilization and imaging
- Surgery to relieve compression and stabilize the spine
- Inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation
- Adaptive equipment and home modifications
- Management of complications (pressure sores, urinary infections, blood clots, autonomic dysreflexia)
Recovery
Recovery depends heavily on the level and completeness of injury, age, and overall health. Some function may return over weeks to months. Modern rehabilitation, assistive technology, and ongoing research continue to improve outcomes and quality of life.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- National Spinal Cord Injury Association. Patient Information.