Aphthous Stomatitis (Canker Sores)
Aphthous stomatitis — commonly called canker sores — are painful round or oval ulcers inside the mouth. Most are minor and heal within 1–2 weeks, but recurrent or severe outbreaks may need medical evaluation.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: K12.0
- Contagious: No
Symptoms
- Painful round/oval ulcers with white or yellow centers and red borders
- Located on tongue, inner cheeks, lips, soft palate
- Tingling or burning before the ulcer appears
- Difficulty eating spicy or acidic foods
Triggers
- Stress
- Minor mouth injury
- Acidic or spicy foods
- Hormonal changes
- Vitamin or iron deficiency
- Certain food sensitivities (gluten in some cases)
- Sodium lauryl sulfate in some toothpastes
Treatment
- Topical anesthetics (benzocaine)
- Topical corticosteroids (triamcinolone in dental paste)
- Mouth rinses (chlorhexidine, salt water)
- Vitamin/iron supplementation if deficient
- Avoid trigger foods and toothpastes
- Stress management
When to See a Doctor
- Unusually large or persistent sore (>2 weeks)
- Frequent recurrent outbreaks
- Sores accompanied by fever or fatigue
- Genital ulcers, joint pain, or eye symptoms (consider Behçet's)
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American Academy of Oral Medicine. Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Resources.