Painful Intercourse
Painful intercourse — dyspareunia — is common but often goes unmentioned. It has many possible causes, most of which are treatable.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: N94.1 (women), N50.8 (men)
- Common: Yes — many adults affected
Common Causes
Women
- Vaginal dryness (menopause, breastfeeding, medications)
- Vulvar conditions (vulvodynia, lichen sclerosus)
- Vaginitis (yeast, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis)
- Endometriosis
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Ovarian cysts
- Pelvic floor muscle tightness (vaginismus)
- Scar tissue from surgery or childbirth
Men
- Foreskin problems
- Penile skin conditions
- Peyronie's disease
- Prostatitis
- Sexually transmitted infections
Psychological
- Anxiety, depression
- Past trauma
- Relationship stress
Treatment
- Lubricants and vaginal moisturizers
- Topical or vaginal estrogen (postmenopausal)
- Treat underlying infections or conditions
- Pelvic floor physical therapy
- Sex therapy or counseling
- Treatment of skin or vulvar conditions
When to See a Doctor
See a doctor for any persistent or distressing pain with intercourse. Many people delay seeking care unnecessarily — most causes respond to treatment.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Dyspareunia Resources.