Sexual Dysfunction

Sexual dysfunction refers to persistent problems with sexual response or pleasure that cause distress. It is common, often treatable, and affects all genders.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: F52, N48–N52
  • Common: Yes — affects many adults
  • Often treatable: Yes

Common Types

Desire and arousal

  • Low sexual desire (hypoactive sexual desire disorder)
  • Female sexual arousal disorder
  • Erectile dysfunction in men

Orgasm

  • Anorgasmia (difficulty or inability to orgasm)
  • Premature ejaculation
  • Delayed ejaculation

Pain

  • Dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
  • Vaginismus

Causes

Physical

  • Diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure
  • Hormonal changes (menopause, low testosterone, thyroid)
  • Pelvic conditions (endometriosis, prostate problems)
  • Neurologic conditions
  • Medications (SSRIs, blood pressure drugs, others)
  • Substance use

Psychological

  • Anxiety, depression
  • Relationship stress
  • Past trauma
  • Performance anxiety
  • Body image concerns

Treatment

  • Address underlying medical conditions
  • Adjust medications when possible
  • Hormonal therapy when appropriate
  • Medications for erectile dysfunction (PDE5 inhibitors)
  • Pelvic floor physical therapy
  • Sex therapy and couples counseling
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety-related issues
  • Lubricants and devices for pain or arousal issues

When to See a Doctor

See a doctor if sexual problems cause distress or affect quality of life or relationships. Many people delay seeking help unnecessarily — most issues respond well to treatment.

Related Conditions

Erectile Dysfunction

Common male sexual issue

 Menopause

Hormonal changes affecting sexuality

 Depression

Common contributor

Frequently Asked Questions

Can antidepressants cause sexual dysfunction?

Yes — SSRIs commonly cause reduced libido, delayed orgasm, or erectile dysfunction. Talk with your doctor about adjustments rather than stopping medication abruptly.

Is low libido normal with age?

Some natural changes in sexual desire occur with age, but distressing or significant changes deserve evaluation.

Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • American Urological Association. Sexual Health Resources.