Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but life-threatening illness caused by bacterial toxins, most commonly from Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus. It can develop suddenly and progress quickly.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: A48.3
  • Severity: Life-threatening emergency

Call 911 Immediately

Suspect TSS with:
  • Sudden high fever
  • Sunburn-like rash, especially on palms and soles
  • Confusion or low blood pressure
  • Vomiting and diarrhea
  • Severe muscle aches
  • Tampon use, surgical wound, or skin infection in recent weeks

Causes

  • Staphylococcus aureus producing TSST-1
  • Group A Streptococcus (streptococcal TSS)
  • Risk factors: tampon use (especially super-absorbent, prolonged), nasal packing, surgical wounds, skin or soft tissue infections, postpartum, burns

Treatment

  • ICU-level care
  • IV antibiotics
  • IV fluids and blood pressure support
  • Source control — remove tampons, drain abscesses, debride wounds
  • IVIG for severe cases

Prevention

  • Change tampons regularly; use lowest absorbency adequate
  • Don't leave tampons in overnight
  • Alternate with pads
  • Clean and care for wounds properly
  • Watch for early warning signs after surgery or infections

Related Conditions

Hemorrhagic Shock

Different shock type

 Cellulitis

Possible source
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Toxic Shock Syndrome.