Hemorrhagic Shock

Hemorrhagic shock occurs when blood loss is severe enough that the circulatory system cannot deliver adequate oxygen to tissues. It is a medical emergency requiring rapid bleeding control and resuscitation.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: R57.1
  • Severity: Life-threatening
  • Treatment urgency: Immediate

Call 911 Immediately

Suspect hemorrhagic shock with:
  • Major external bleeding
  • Pale, cold, clammy skin
  • Rapid weak pulse
  • Rapid shallow breathing
  • Confusion, agitation, or unconsciousness
  • Severe weakness

Apply direct pressure to bleeding wounds. Use tourniquets for severe limb bleeding when trained. Keep the person warm.

Common Causes

  • Traumatic injuries
  • Gastrointestinal bleeding
  • Ruptured aortic aneurysm
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Postpartum hemorrhage
  • Surgical complications

Treatment

  • Stop the bleeding (pressure, tourniquet, surgery, embolization)
  • IV access and rapid fluid resuscitation
  • Blood transfusion (red cells, plasma, platelets in massive transfusion protocols)
  • Treat coagulopathy (tranexamic acid in trauma)
  • Address underlying cause

Related Conditions

Internal Bleeding

Common cause of shock

 Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Common medical cause
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • American College of Surgeons. Advanced Trauma Life Support.