Orchitis
Orchitis is inflammation of one or both testicles, most often caused by viral or bacterial infection. It can cause significant pain and swelling and sometimes affect fertility.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: N45
- Common viral cause: Mumps
- Often coexists with: Epididymitis
Symptoms
- Testicular swelling and pain
- Tenderness
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Sometimes nausea or vomiting
Causes
- Viral — most commonly mumps (post-pubertal males); preventable by vaccination
- Bacterial — often from a urinary tract or sexually transmitted infection (epididymo-orchitis)
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Scrotal ultrasound (also rules out torsion)
- Urinalysis and STI testing
Treatment
- Antibiotics for bacterial orchitis (and any associated STI)
- Supportive care for viral orchitis (rest, NSAIDs, scrotal support, ice)
- Treat partners if STI-related
When to See a Doctor
Any sudden testicular pain should be evaluated promptly to distinguish orchitis from testicular torsion (a surgical emergency).
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American Urological Association. Acute Scrotum Patient Resources.