Testicular Pain

Testicular pain can range from mild discomfort to severe pain that signals an emergency. Sudden severe pain — especially with swelling — should be evaluated immediately to rule out testicular torsion.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: N50.8
  • Emergency cause: Testicular torsion
  • Time-critical: Torsion within 6 hours

When to Seek Emergency Care

Go to the emergency department immediately for:
  • Sudden severe testicular pain (possible testicular torsion)
  • Pain after testicular trauma
  • Pain with swelling, nausea, or vomiting
  • Pain with fever

Torsion is time-critical — testicles can be saved if treated within about 6 hours.

Common Causes

Emergencies

  • Testicular torsion (twisting of the testicle, cutting off blood supply)
  • Fournier's gangrene (rare but life-threatening infection)

Common

  • Epididymitis (infection or inflammation of the epididymis)
  • Orchitis (testicular inflammation, often viral)
  • Hydrocele or varicocele
  • Kidney stone (referred pain)
  • Inguinal hernia
  • Trauma
  • Testicular cancer (usually painless lump rather than pain)

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination
  • Scrotal ultrasound with Doppler (key for torsion)
  • Urinalysis and STI testing
  • Blood tests if infection suspected

Treatment

  • Emergency surgery for testicular torsion
  • Antibiotics for epididymitis
  • Antiviral or supportive care for orchitis
  • Surgical repair for hernia, hydrocele, varicocele if symptomatic
  • Pain management

When to See a Doctor

Same-day evaluation for new testicular pain, especially in adolescents and young men. Any testicular lump should be evaluated regardless of pain.

Related Symptoms

Varicocele

Enlarged scrotal veins

 Hydrocele

Fluid collection around testicle

 Epididymitis

Infection of the epididymis

 Inguinal Hernia

Can cause groin pain

Frequently Asked Questions

Could my testicular pain be cancer?

Testicular cancer usually causes a painless lump rather than pain, but any new testicular abnormality should be evaluated. Pain is more commonly from torsion, infection, or other causes.

How can I tell if it's torsion vs. epididymitis?

Both cause pain and swelling. Torsion typically comes on suddenly and is severe; epididymitis usually develops over hours to days and may have associated urinary symptoms. Distinguishing them requires medical evaluation and often ultrasound.

Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • American Urological Association. Scrotal Pain Patient Resources.