Oral Cancer
Oral cancer refers to cancers of the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat. Early detection greatly improves outcomes, but symptoms can be subtle. Regular dental visits include oral cancer screening.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: C00–C14
- Top risk factors: Tobacco, alcohol, HPV
- Early detection improves outcomes: Significantly
Warning Signs
- Sore in the mouth or on the lip that doesn't heal in 2–3 weeks
- White or red patches on gums, tongue, or mouth lining
- Persistent mouth pain
- Lump or thickening in the cheek
- Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or moving the jaw or tongue
- Numbness of the tongue or mouth
- Persistent sore throat or hoarseness
- Loose teeth without dental cause
- Lump in the neck
Risk Factors
- Tobacco use (smoking, chewing)
- Heavy alcohol use (synergistic with tobacco)
- HPV infection (especially HPV-16, increasingly oropharyngeal cancer)
- Sun exposure (lip cancer)
- Older age and male sex
- Weakened immune system
- Poor diet
Diagnosis
- Oral examination by dentist or doctor
- Biopsy of suspicious areas
- Imaging (CT, MRI, PET) for staging
- Endoscopy for throat involvement
Treatment
- Surgery to remove the tumor
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy, often combined with radiation
- Targeted therapy and immunotherapy in selected cases
- Reconstructive surgery and rehabilitation (speech, swallowing)
Prevention
- Don't smoke or use tobacco; limit alcohol
- HPV vaccination (recommended through young adulthood)
- Lip protection (sunscreen, lip balm with SPF)
- Eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
- Regular dental visits with oral cancer screening
When to See a Doctor
See a dentist or doctor for any mouth sore lasting more than 2 weeks, persistent unexplained lumps, white/red patches, hoarseness, or difficulty swallowing.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American Cancer Society. Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer.