Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune condition that primarily affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. It is distinct from multiple sclerosis and has specific treatments.

Table of Contents

Features

  • Optic neuritis (vision loss, eye pain)
  • Transverse myelitis (weakness, sensory loss)
  • Aquaporin-4 antibodies often present
  • More severe attacks than MS, often without recovery

Treatment

  • High-dose IV steroids for acute attacks
  • Plasma exchange
  • Long-term immunosuppression (rituximab, eculizumab, satralizumab, inebilizumab)
  • Avoid MS-specific medications that can worsen NMO

Related Conditions

Multiple Sclerosis

Different demyelinating disease

 Transverse Myelitis

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Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • NMSS. NMO Resources.