Nerve Injury
Nerve injuries occur when peripheral nerves are stretched, crushed, cut, or compressed. Damage ranges from minor (recovers fully in weeks) to severe (may require surgery or have lasting effects).
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: S04, S14, S24, S34, S44, S54, S64, S74, S84, S94
- Severity grades: Three (Sunderland)
Types of Nerve Damage
- Neurapraxia — temporary loss of function from mild compression; usually recovers in weeks
- Axonotmesis — damage to nerve fibers with intact connective tissue; slow regrowth
- Neurotmesis — complete disruption; surgical repair often required
Causes
- Trauma — cuts, fractures, dislocations
- Compression — carpal tunnel, ulnar nerve at elbow, prolonged positioning
- Surgical complications
- Stretch injuries (brachial plexus during birth or sports)
- Toxins, chemotherapy
- Severe inflammation or infection
Symptoms
- Weakness or paralysis of affected muscles
- Numbness or tingling
- Burning or sharp pain
- Loss of reflexes
- Muscle wasting (chronic)
Treatment
- Splinting and rest for compressive injuries
- Surgical decompression (e.g., carpal tunnel release)
- Nerve repair or grafting for severed nerves
- Tendon transfers for permanent loss
- Physical and occupational therapy
- Pain management
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Nerve Injury Patient Resources.