Brachial Plexus Injury

The brachial plexus is the network of nerves that controls movement and sensation of the arm. Injuries range from minor stretches to severe tears, with treatment varying from observation to nerve grafting.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: S14.3
  • Common causes: Birth, sports, motor vehicle crashes

Types

  • Stretch injuries (burners/stingers) — common in contact sports; usually resolve in minutes
  • Rupture — the nerve is torn; may need surgical repair
  • Neuroma — scar tissue interferes with signal transmission
  • Avulsion — nerve torn from the spinal cord; most severe; nerve transfers may help
  • Birth-related — Erb's palsy and other patterns from stretching during delivery

Symptoms

  • Weakness or paralysis of the arm or hand
  • Numbness or loss of feeling
  • Severe pain
  • Muscle wasting in chronic injuries

Treatment

  • Physical and occupational therapy
  • Pain management
  • Splinting
  • Nerve repair, grafting, or transfer for severe injuries
  • Tendon transfers for residual deficits

Related Conditions

Nerve Injury

Broader category

 Numbness

Common feature
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Brachial Plexus Injuries.