Internal Bleeding
Internal bleeding occurs inside the body and may not be visible. It can develop after trauma, from blood vessel rupture, or from anticoagulant medications, and can become life-threatening quickly.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: Various
- Risk: Severe blood loss without external signs
Warning Signs — Call 911
Suspect internal bleeding with:
- Severe abdominal, chest, or back pain after trauma
- Pale, cold, or clammy skin
- Rapid heart rate and weak pulse
- Dizziness, fainting, or confusion
- Visible bruising or swelling
- Shortness of breath
- Black stools or vomiting blood
Common Causes
- Trauma — motor vehicle crashes, falls, blunt or penetrating injury
- Ruptured aneurysm
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Anticoagulant medications
- Bleeding disorders
- Postoperative complications
Diagnosis
- Bedside ultrasound (FAST exam in trauma)
- CT scan
- Blood tests (hemoglobin, coagulation)
- Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (rarely used now)
Treatment
- Resuscitation with IV fluids and blood products
- Reverse anticoagulants when appropriate
- Surgical or interventional control of bleeding
- Treat underlying cause
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American College of Surgeons. Trauma Resources.