Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure)

Hypotension is low blood pressure. It becomes clinically significant when it causes symptoms like dizziness, fainting, or organ dysfunction. Sudden severe hypotension can indicate shock.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: I95

When to Seek Urgent Care

Call 911 for low BP with chest pain, severe shortness of breath, confusion, cold/clammy skin, or significant bleeding.

Types

  • Orthostatic — drop in BP on standing, often with lightheadedness
  • Postprandial — after meals
  • Neurogenic mediated — vasovagal fainting
  • Shock — severe systemic hypotension (medical emergency)

Causes

  • Dehydration
  • Medications (BP drugs, diuretics, alpha-blockers, antidepressants)
  • Heart problems
  • Endocrine disorders (Addison's, thyroid)
  • Severe infection (septic shock)
  • Severe bleeding
  • Allergic reactions
  • Pregnancy

Treatment

  • Address underlying cause
  • Adequate fluid and salt intake (for chronic orthostatic hypotension)
  • Compression stockings
  • Slow position changes
  • Medications: midodrine, fludrocortisone, droxidopa for chronic orthostatic hypotension

Related Conditions

Dehydration

Common cause

 Addison's Disease

Possible cause

 Hemorrhagic Shock

Severe form
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • American Heart Association. Hypotension Information.