Symptoms
Men
- Reduced libido, erectile dysfunction
- Fatigue, low mood
- Loss of muscle mass and strength
- Reduced body and facial hair
- Gynecomastia
- Infertility
- Reduced bone density
Women
- Irregular or absent periods
- Hot flashes (if premature menopause)
- Reduced libido
- Vaginal dryness
- Infertility
Causes
- Primary (gonadal): Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, surgery, chemo/radiation, autoimmune disease
- Secondary (pituitary/hypothalamus): pituitary tumors, hemochromatosis, opioid use, severe illness, eating disorders
- Aging (especially in men)
Treatment
- Testosterone replacement (men) — injections, gels, patches
- Estrogen ± progesterone (women)
- Address underlying cause
- Fertility-specific treatments when conception is desired
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- Endocrine Society. Hypogonadism Guidelines.