Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms. Long-term untreated GERD can cause esophagitis, strictures, and Barrett's esophagus.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: K21

Symptoms

  • Heartburn
  • Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
  • Chest discomfort
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Chronic cough, hoarseness, or sore throat
  • Worsening at night or after meals

Treatment

Lifestyle

  • Avoid trigger foods (spicy, fatty, citrus, chocolate, mint, caffeine, alcohol)
  • Smaller meals; don't eat 2–3 hours before bed
  • Elevate head of bed
  • Weight loss if overweight
  • Quit smoking

Medications

  • Antacids for occasional symptoms
  • H2 blockers
  • Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

Procedures

  • Fundoplication (Nissen)
  • LINX magnetic sphincter device
  • Endoscopic procedures

Related Conditions

GERD

Same condition

 Barrett's Esophagus

Complication

 Esophageal Stricture

Complication
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • American College of Gastroenterology. GERD Clinical Guideline.