Congestive Heart Failure
Congestive heart failure (CHF) — now usually called simply 'heart failure' — occurs when the heart can't pump blood efficiently enough to meet the body's needs. Modern treatments dramatically improve symptoms and survival.
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: I50
Symptoms
- Shortness of breath with activity or lying flat
- Waking at night gasping for air
- Swelling of legs, ankles, feet
- Rapid weight gain from fluid
- Fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance
- Persistent cough or wheezing
- Reduced appetite, abdominal bloating
Treatment
- Four pillars (HFrEF): ARNI/ACE/ARB, beta-blocker, MRA, SGLT2 inhibitor
- Diuretics for fluid overload
- Salt restriction and weight monitoring
- Address underlying causes (CAD, hypertension, valve disease)
- Devices: ICD, biventricular pacing in selected patients
- Advanced therapies: heart transplant, LVAD
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- ACC/AHA. Heart Failure Guidelines.