Pulmonary Edema
Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the lungs that interferes with oxygen uptake. Acute pulmonary edema is a medical emergency, most often caused by heart failure.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: J81
- Most common cause: Heart failure
- Severity: Often emergency
When to Call 911
Acute pulmonary edema is an emergency. Call 911 for:
- Severe breathlessness, especially lying down
- Coughing up pink, frothy sputum
- Wheezing or gasping
- Cold, clammy skin
- Rapid, irregular heartbeat
- Severe anxiety or sense of impending doom
Causes
Cardiogenic (most common)
- Heart failure
- Heart attack
- Severe heart valve disease
- Hypertensive emergency
Non-cardiogenic
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- Severe pneumonia
- High-altitude exposure
- Near-drowning
- Drug overdose or reaction
Treatment
- Oxygen and ventilation support
- Diuretics (furosemide) to remove excess fluid
- Nitrates for blood pressure control and reducing fluid in lungs
- Treatment of the underlying cause
- Hospitalization, often in intensive care for severe cases
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American Heart Association. Heart Failure Resources.