COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
COPD is a group of progressive lung diseases — emphysema and chronic bronchitis — that obstruct airflow and cause breathing difficulty. Smoking is the main cause; quitting is the most important treatment.
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: J44
- Top cause: Smoking
- Progressive: Yes
Symptoms
- Progressive shortness of breath, worse with exertion
- Chronic cough, often with sputum
- Wheezing
- Chest tightness
- Frequent respiratory infections
- Fatigue, unintended weight loss in advanced disease
Diagnosis
- Spirometry (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.70)
- Chest X-ray or CT
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin testing in younger patients
- Blood gas analysis in advanced disease
Treatment
- Smoking cessation (most important)
- Inhaled bronchodilators (LABA, LAMA, SABA)
- Inhaled corticosteroids in selected patients
- Pulmonary rehabilitation
- Oxygen for hypoxemic patients
- Vaccinations (flu, pneumococcal, COVID, RSV)
- Treatment of exacerbations with antibiotics and steroids
- Lung volume reduction or transplant for advanced disease
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- GOLD. Global Strategy for COPD.