Cardiac Tamponade

Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid accumulates rapidly around the heart, compressing it and preventing it from filling normally. It is life-threatening and requires emergency drainage.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: I31.4
  • Severity: Emergency

Emergency Symptoms

Call 911 for chest pain or pressure, sudden severe shortness of breath, low blood pressure with rapid weak pulse, fainting, especially after recent chest trauma, heart procedure, or known pericardial effusion.

Causes

  • Pericarditis
  • Cancer (especially lung, breast, lymphoma)
  • Trauma or aortic dissection
  • Heart attack with rupture
  • Recent heart procedures
  • Tuberculosis or other infections
  • Uremia (kidney failure)

Treatment

  • Pericardiocentesis (needle drainage)
  • Surgical pericardial window for recurrent fluid
  • Treat the underlying cause
  • Hemodynamic support

Related Conditions

Pericarditis

Common cause

 Aortic Dissection

Possible cause
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • American Heart Association. Pericardial Disease Information.