Brain Abscess
A brain abscess is a collection of pus within the brain tissue caused by infection. It is uncommon but serious, often requiring both antibiotics and surgical drainage.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: G06.0
- Common organisms: Bacteria, sometimes fungi
- Treatment: Antibiotics, drainage
When to Call 911
Sudden severe headache, fever, neurologic changes, or seizure require emergency evaluation.
Symptoms
- Headache, often severe and worsening
- Fever (sometimes absent)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Confusion or altered consciousness
- Seizures
- Weakness, speech problems, or vision changes
- Stiff neck
Causes
- Spread from a nearby infection (ear, sinus, dental)
- Bloodstream infection from elsewhere (heart, lung)
- Head trauma or recent neurosurgery
- Compromised immunity (HIV, transplant)
Diagnosis
- MRI of the brain (best imaging)
- CT scan as initial test
- Blood tests for infection
- Sample of pus for organism identification (when surgically obtained)
Treatment
- Long courses of IV antibiotics (usually 4–8 weeks)
- Surgical drainage in most cases (aspiration or open)
- Anti-seizure medications
- Treatment of the underlying source of infection
When to See a Doctor
Any combination of severe headache, fever, and neurologic symptoms requires emergency evaluation. People with chronic ear, sinus, or dental infection and new neurologic symptoms should be evaluated urgently.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a brain abscess be cured?
Yes, with prompt treatment most people recover, though some may have lasting neurologic effects depending on location and delay to treatment.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- Infectious Diseases Society of America. CNS Infections Guidelines.