Throat Pain

Throat pain (sore throat) is one of the most common reasons people seek medical care. Most cases are viral and resolve on their own, but persistent or severe throat pain may need evaluation.

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: J02.9
  • Most common cause: Viral infection

When to Seek Urgent Care

Seek urgent care for:
  • Difficulty breathing or swallowing
  • Drooling (especially in children)
  • Severe one-sided throat pain with muffled voice
  • Stiff neck with throat pain and fever
  • Rash with sore throat

Common Causes

  • Viral infections (most common — colds, flu, COVID-19, mononucleosis)
  • Strep throat (bacterial)
  • Tonsillitis
  • Allergies and post-nasal drip
  • Dry air and irritants
  • Acid reflux
  • Vocal strain
  • Peritonsillar abscess
  • Epiglottitis (rare but emergency)
  • Throat cancer (especially with persistent pain, hoarseness, weight loss)

Self-Care

  • Rest and adequate fluids
  • Warm fluids (tea, soup) or cold (ice cream, popsicles)
  • Salt water gargles
  • Acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain
  • Lozenges
  • Humidify dry air

When to See a Doctor

  • Severe pain or pain lasting more than a week
  • High fever
  • Difficulty swallowing or breathing
  • White patches on tonsils with fever (possible strep)
  • Recurrent sore throats
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • American Academy of Otolaryngology. Sore Throat Information.