Thyroid Eye Disease (Graves' Ophthalmopathy)

Thyroid eye disease (TED), also called Graves' ophthalmopathy, is an autoimmune inflammation of tissues behind the eyes, most often associated with Graves' disease.

Table of Contents

Symptoms

  • Bulging eyes (proptosis)
  • Eye pain, pressure, grittiness
  • Dryness or excessive tearing
  • Double vision
  • Vision loss in severe cases
  • Eyelid retraction

Treatment

  • Stop smoking (essential — worsens disease)
  • Selenium supplementation
  • Lubricating drops
  • Corticosteroids for active inflammation
  • Teprotumumab (IGF-1R inhibitor) — major advance
  • Orbital decompression surgery for severe cases
  • Eyelid and strabismus surgery as needed

Related Conditions

Hyperthyroidism

Graves' is a common cause

 Eye Pain

Common symptom
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • AAO. Thyroid Eye Disease Resources.