Temporal Arteritis (Giant Cell Arteritis)
Temporal arteritis — also called giant cell arteritis (GCA) — is inflammation of large arteries, particularly in the head. It is most common in adults over 50. Prompt diagnosis and steroid treatment can prevent permanent vision loss.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: M31.5
- Age: Almost always over 50
- Risk: Permanent vision loss
Urgent Warning
New severe headache with vision changes in a person over 50 needs immediate evaluation. Untreated temporal arteritis can cause sudden, permanent blindness.
Symptoms
- New severe headache, often at the temples
- Scalp tenderness
- Jaw pain when chewing
- Vision changes (blurred, double, or sudden loss)
- Fever, fatigue, weight loss
- Polymyalgia rheumatica symptoms (shoulder/hip stiffness)
Diagnosis
- ESR and CRP (usually elevated)
- Temporal artery biopsy
- Vascular imaging (ultrasound, MRI, PET)
Treatment
- High-dose corticosteroids started immediately upon suspicion (do not wait for biopsy)
- Tocilizumab as a steroid-sparing option
- Low-dose aspirin in selected patients
- Bone protection during steroid use
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American College of Rheumatology. Giant Cell Arteritis Information.