Skull Fracture

A skull fracture is a break in the bones of the skull, usually from significant head trauma. Most simple fractures heal without specific treatment, but some involve underlying brain injury or other complications.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: S02
  • Treatment varies: Observation to surgery

Emergency Warning

Any significant head injury needs evaluation. Call 911 for:
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Repeated vomiting
  • Severe headache, confusion, or seizure
  • Clear fluid or blood from nose or ears
  • Bruising around the eyes ('raccoon eyes') or behind the ears (Battle sign)
  • Visible skull deformity

Types

  • Linear fracture — most common; simple crack without displacement
  • Depressed fracture — bone is pushed inward; may need surgery
  • Basilar fracture — at the base of the skull; can cause CSF leak
  • Diastatic fracture — along the suture lines, more common in children

Treatment

  • Observation for simple linear fractures without complications
  • Treatment of associated brain injury
  • Surgery for significantly depressed fractures, open fractures, or fractures with hematoma
  • Management of CSF leak (most resolve with conservative care)

Related Conditions

Traumatic Brain Injury

Often coexists

 Concussion

Mild TBI
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Skull Fracture Information.