Sjögren's Syndrome

Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the moisture-producing glands, leading to dry eyes, dry mouth, and sometimes effects on other organs.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • Type: Autoimmune disease
  • ICD-10: M35.0
  • Hallmark: Dry eyes and dry mouth
  • More common in: Women, ages 40–60

Overview

In Sjögren's syndrome, immune cells infiltrate the salivary and tear glands, reducing their function. The condition can occur on its own (primary Sjögren's) or alongside other autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus (secondary Sjögren's).

Symptoms

  • Dry, gritty, or burning eyes
  • Dry mouth, difficulty swallowing dry foods
  • Increased dental cavities and oral yeast infections
  • Swelling of salivary glands
  • Dryness of skin, nasal passages, and vagina
  • Joint pain and swelling
  • Fatigue
  • Less common: rash, neuropathy, lung or kidney involvement, lymphoma (small increased risk)

Diagnosis

  • History of dryness symptoms
  • Blood tests: ANA, SSA (Ro), SSB (La), rheumatoid factor
  • Schirmer's test for tear production
  • Salivary flow assessment
  • Minor salivary gland biopsy in unclear cases

Treatment

Symptom management

  • Artificial tears and lubricating ointments
  • Saliva substitutes, sugar-free gum, sips of water
  • Excellent dental care and regular check-ups
  • Humidifiers
  • Vaginal lubricants

Medications

  • Pilocarpine or cevimeline to stimulate saliva/tear production
  • Cyclosporine eye drops
  • NSAIDs for joint pain
  • Hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, or biologics for systemic disease

When to See a Doctor

See a doctor for persistent dry eyes and dry mouth, especially if combined with fatigue, joint pain, or other autoimmune symptoms. Annual dental visits are important to prevent complications.

Related Conditions

Lupus

Another autoimmune condition that may co-exist

 Rheumatoid Arthritis

Common companion condition

 Dry Eye Syndrome

Eye dryness without autoimmune disease

 Dry Mouth

A core Sjögren's symptom

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Sjögren's syndrome dangerous?

Most people with Sjögren's have a normal life expectancy. Serious complications (lung, kidney, neurologic involvement, lymphoma) occur in a minority and are managed by specialists.

Can Sjögren's syndrome be cured?

There is no cure, but symptoms can be effectively managed. Many people achieve good quality of life with proper care.

Why do I get so many cavities now?

Saliva normally protects teeth. With reduced saliva, decay accelerates. Frequent dental visits, fluoride treatments, sugar-free gum, and excellent home care are essential.

Are all my symptoms from Sjögren's?

Many symptoms overlap with other conditions. A rheumatologist can help sort out which are from Sjögren's and which may need separate evaluation.

Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • Sjögren's Foundation. Patient Resources.
  • American College of Rheumatology. Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Information.