Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also called Willis-Ekbom disease, causes an irresistible urge to move the legs, often with uncomfortable sensations. Symptoms worsen at rest and in the evening, disrupting sleep.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: G25.81
  • Common in: Older adults, pregnancy
  • Treatable: Yes

Symptoms

  • Urge to move legs (sometimes arms), often with itching, crawling, or pulling sensations
  • Worse at rest, especially in the evening
  • Relieved temporarily by movement
  • Sleep disruption, daytime fatigue

Causes

  • Iron deficiency (a common reversible cause)
  • Pregnancy
  • Kidney disease
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Parkinson's disease
  • Medications (antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics)
  • Family history (genetic forms)

Treatment

  • Check and correct iron levels
  • Avoid caffeine, alcohol, nicotine
  • Regular sleep schedule
  • Exercise (moderate; not late evening)
  • Massage, warm baths, leg stretching
  • Medications: gabapentinoids (gabapentin enacarbil, pregabalin), dopamine agonists (use cautiously due to augmentation), low-dose opioids in refractory cases

Related Conditions

Sleep Disorders

Often disrupts sleep

 Iron Deficiency Anemia

Common reversible cause

 Peripheral Neuropathy

Can coexist
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • American Academy of Sleep Medicine. RLS Resources.