Overactive Bladder
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a syndrome of urinary urgency — sudden, strong urges to urinate — often with frequency and sometimes leakage. It is common, treatable, and not a normal part of aging.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: N32.81
- Common in: Older adults; both sexes
- Treatable: Yes — multiple options
Symptoms
- Sudden, strong urge to urinate that is difficult to defer
- Urinating more than 8 times during the day
- Waking 2+ times at night to urinate (nocturia)
- Urge incontinence (leakage with urgency) in some cases
Diagnosis
- Voiding diary
- Urinalysis to rule out infection
- Post-void residual ultrasound
- Urodynamic testing in selected cases
Treatment
Behavioral (first-line)
- Bladder training and timed voiding
- Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels)
- Fluid management; reduce caffeine and alcohol
- Weight management
Medications
- Anticholinergics (oxybutynin, tolterodine, solifenacin)
- Beta-3 agonists (mirabegron) — fewer cognitive side effects
Advanced therapies
- Botulinum toxin bladder injections
- Sacral nerve stimulation
- Posterior tibial nerve stimulation
When to See a Doctor
See a doctor if urgency, frequency, or leakage interfere with quality of life. Most people improve significantly with treatment.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American Urological Association. OAB Guidelines.