Oral Herpes (Cold Sores)

Oral herpes — commonly called cold sores or fever blisters — is caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (most often). After initial infection, the virus stays dormant and can reactivate periodically.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: B00.1
  • Cause: HSV-1 (most often)

Symptoms

  • Tingling or burning before sores appear
  • Cluster of small painful blisters on or near the lips
  • Blisters that ulcerate and crust over
  • Heals within 1–2 weeks
  • First infection (gingivostomatitis) may include fever, mouth sores

Treatment

  • Topical antivirals (limited benefit)
  • Oral antivirals (acyclovir, valacyclovir) most effective at first tingling
  • Daily suppressive therapy for frequent outbreaks
  • Pain relief with cold compress, acetaminophen

Avoid Triggers and Transmission

  • Avoid kissing during active outbreak
  • Don't share lip products, utensils, or towels
  • Use sunscreen on lips (UV can trigger)
  • Manage stress; get adequate rest

Related Conditions

Herpes Simplex

Same virus family

 Cold Sore

Same condition
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • CDC. Genital and Oral Herpes Resources.