Juvenile Arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common form of arthritis in children under 16. Modern treatments allow most children to lead active lives with minimal joint damage.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: M08
- Onset: Under 16
- Types: Several subtypes
Common Types
- Oligoarticular JIA — 1–4 joints affected; risk of eye inflammation
- Polyarticular JIA — 5+ joints; can resemble adult RA
- Systemic JIA — fever and rash with arthritis
- Enthesitis-related — affects where tendons attach to bones
- Psoriatic JIA — with psoriasis
Symptoms
- Joint pain, swelling, stiffness
- Morning stiffness
- Limping or refusal to walk
- Limited motion
- Fever and rash (systemic form)
- Eye inflammation (uveitis) — often silent, regular screening needed
Treatment
- NSAIDs for pain and inflammation
- Methotrexate (mainstay DMARD)
- Biologics (anti-TNF, IL-6 inhibitors, others)
- Joint injections
- Physical and occupational therapy
- Regular eye screening
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American College of Rheumatology. JIA Patient Resources.