Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits without structural disease. It affects roughly 10% of adults worldwide.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: K58
- Type: Functional GI disorder
- Subtypes: IBS-D, IBS-C, IBS-M
Symptoms
- Recurrent abdominal pain, often relieved by defecation
- Diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between the two
- Bloating and gas
- Mucus in stool
- Sensation of incomplete evacuation
By definition, IBS is diagnosed when alarm features (weight loss, bleeding, anemia, family history of colorectal cancer) have been ruled out.
Common Triggers
- Certain foods (FODMAPs, caffeine, alcohol, spicy foods, fatty foods)
- Stress
- Hormonal changes (especially around menstruation)
- Recent gastrointestinal infection (post-infectious IBS)
Treatment
- Dietary modifications (low-FODMAP diet often very effective)
- Soluble fiber supplements
- Antispasmodics for cramping
- Antidiarrheals (loperamide) or laxatives depending on subtype
- Low-dose tricyclic antidepressants or SSRIs for pain modulation
- Rifaximin for IBS-D
- Cognitive behavioral therapy and gut-directed hypnotherapy
- Probiotics (variable evidence)
- Stress management
When to See a Doctor
See a doctor for new symptoms after age 50, blood in stool, unintended weight loss, nighttime symptoms that wake you, or family history of colorectal cancer — these require evaluation to rule out other diseases.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American College of Gastroenterology. IBS Clinical Practice Guideline.