Genital Warts
Genital warts are small, flesh-colored growths on the genital or anal area caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). They are a common sexually transmitted infection, usually painless, but can be visually noticeable.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: A63.0
- Cause: HPV (most often types 6, 11)
- Preventable: HPV vaccine
Symptoms
- Small flesh-colored, pink, or gray growths in the genital or anal area
- Can be flat, raised, single, or clustered (cauliflower-like)
- Often painless but may itch, bleed, or feel uncomfortable
- Sometimes found in the mouth or throat (less common)
Diagnosis
- Visual examination
- Biopsy if diagnosis is unclear
- Pap smear and HPV testing for women
Treatment
Topical (patient or provider applied)
- Imiquimod cream
- Podofilox
- Sinecatechins ointment
Provider-administered
- Cryotherapy (freezing)
- Trichloroacetic acid
- Surgical removal
- Laser therapy or electrosurgery
Treatment removes visible warts but does not eliminate the underlying HPV infection. Warts may recur.
Prevention
- HPV vaccination (most effective; recommended through young adulthood)
- Consistent condom use (reduces but doesn't eliminate risk)
- Limit number of sexual partners
- Routine cervical cancer screening for women
When to See a Doctor
See a doctor for any new or changing growths in the genital or anal area. Pregnant people with genital warts should discuss management with their obstetrician.
Frequently Asked Questions
The vaccine is most effective before exposure. It is still recommended through age 26 for most people and may benefit some up to age 45 in shared decision-making with their doctor.
Yes — most HPV infections cause no visible warts. Some high-risk HPV types cause cancer rather than warts; routine screening detects these changes.
References
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. STI Treatment Guidelines — Anogenital Warts.