Female Infertility

Female infertility is the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse (6 months if over 35). Many causes are identifiable and treatable.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: N97

Common Causes

  • Ovulation disorders (PCOS, hypothalamic dysfunction, premature ovarian insufficiency)
  • Tubal disease (from infection, surgery, endometriosis)
  • Endometriosis
  • Uterine abnormalities (fibroids, polyps, scarring)
  • Age-related decline in egg quality
  • Thyroid or other hormonal issues
  • Unexplained infertility

Evaluation

  • Menstrual cycle history and ovulation tracking
  • Hormonal testing (AMH, FSH, LH, TSH, prolactin)
  • Ovarian reserve testing
  • Hysterosalpingogram (tubal patency)
  • Pelvic ultrasound
  • Partner sperm analysis

Treatment

  • Ovulation induction (letrozole, clomiphene)
  • Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
  • In vitro fertilization (IVF)
  • Surgery for fibroids, polyps, endometriosis, tubal disease
  • Address weight, thyroid, and other modifiable factors
  • Egg donation or surrogacy in selected cases

Related Conditions

Female Infertility of Unknown Cause

Unexplained form

 PCOS

Common cause

 Endometriosis

Common cause
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • ASRM. Infertility Resources.