Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpesvirus that infects most people during their lifetime. The best-known illness it causes is infectious mononucleosis ('mono'). The virus stays in the body for life and is linked to several other conditions.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: B27.0
- Common: Most adults are infected
Symptoms of Mono
- Severe fatigue
- Sore throat, often with white patches on tonsils
- Fever
- Swollen lymph nodes, especially neck
- Enlarged spleen
- Rash (especially if given amoxicillin)
- Headache, body aches
Symptoms typically last 2–4 weeks; fatigue can persist longer.
Other Associations
- Chronic fatigue syndrome (debated)
- Some lymphomas (Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma)
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- Multiple sclerosis (recent evidence of strong association)
- EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorders in immunocompromised patients
Diagnosis
- Monospot test (heterophile antibodies)
- EBV-specific antibody panel
- Complete blood count (atypical lymphocytes)
Treatment
- Rest and adequate fluids
- Acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and pain
- Avoid contact sports for 3–4 weeks (spleen rupture risk)
- Corticosteroids only for complications (severe tonsillar swelling, airway compromise)
When to See a Doctor
See a doctor for severe sore throat, persistent fatigue, or suspected mono. Seek emergency care for sudden severe abdominal pain (possible splenic rupture).
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epstein-Barr Virus.