Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis is sudden inflammation of the epiglottis — the flap of cartilage at the base of the tongue that closes off the airway during swallowing. It can rapidly block breathing and is a medical emergency.

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

  • ICD-10: J05.10
  • Severity: Life-threatening emergency
  • Less common since Hib vaccine: True

Call 911 Immediately

Suspected epiglottitis is an airway emergency. Call 911 for:
  • Severe sore throat with high fever
  • Difficulty swallowing, drooling
  • Sitting forward in 'sniffing position'
  • Muffled or 'hot potato' voice
  • Stridor (high-pitched breathing)
  • Respiratory distress

Do not try to examine the throat — this can trigger airway closure.

Causes

  • Haemophilus influenzae type b (historically; now rare due to Hib vaccine)
  • Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species
  • Other bacteria, viruses, fungi
  • Thermal injury (hot liquids, smoke inhalation)
  • Trauma

Treatment

  • Airway protection in a controlled setting
  • IV antibiotics
  • Corticosteroids
  • Intensive care monitoring

Related Conditions

Sore Throat

Initial symptom

 Difficulty Swallowing

Key feature
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

References

  • American Academy of Otolaryngology. Epiglottitis Information.