Dystonia
Dystonia is a movement disorder in which sustained or intermittent muscle contractions cause twisting, repetitive movements, or abnormal postures. It can affect a single body part or be more generalized.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: G24
- Type: Movement disorder
- Treatment: Botulinum toxin, medications
Common Types
- Cervical dystonia (neck — most common adult-onset)
- Blepharospasm (eyelids)
- Hand or task-specific dystonia (writer's cramp, musician's dystonia)
- Spasmodic dysphonia (vocal cords)
- Generalized dystonia (multiple body areas)
Causes
- Idiopathic (no identifiable cause — most common)
- Genetic mutations
- Medications (antipsychotics, metoclopramide — tardive dystonia)
- Brain injury, stroke, infection
- Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions
Treatment
- Botulinum toxin injections (mainstay for focal dystonia)
- Oral medications (anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, baclofen)
- Levodopa (for dopa-responsive dystonia)
- Deep brain stimulation for severe cases
- Physical and occupational therapy
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- Dystonia Medical Research Foundation. Patient Resources.