Dyslipidemia
Dyslipidemia means abnormal levels of fats (lipids) in the blood — most commonly elevated LDL ('bad') cholesterol or triglycerides, and sometimes low HDL ('good') cholesterol. It is a major modifiable risk factor for heart disease and stroke.
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: E78
- Major risk factor for: Heart disease, stroke
- Treatment: Lifestyle + statins
Diagnosis
Lipid panel measures:
- Total cholesterol
- LDL cholesterol
- HDL cholesterol
- Triglycerides
- Non-HDL cholesterol
Adult lipid screening is generally recommended starting in the 20s and repeated at intervals based on results and overall cardiovascular risk.
Causes
- Genetics (familial hypercholesterolemia)
- Diet high in saturated and trans fats
- Excess weight and inactivity
- Diabetes
- Hypothyroidism
- Kidney or liver disease
- Some medications
Treatment
Lifestyle
- Heart-healthy diet (Mediterranean or DASH patterns)
- Regular physical activity
- Healthy weight
- Don't smoke; limit alcohol
Medications
- Statins (mainstay for LDL lowering)
- Ezetimibe
- PCSK9 inhibitors
- Bempedoic acid
- Fibrates or omega-3 (especially for high triglycerides)
- Niacin (less commonly used now)
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- ACC/AHA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol.