Cluster Headache
Cluster headache is among the most severe pain syndromes known. Attacks come in 'clusters' of frequent, intense, one-sided headaches lasting weeks to months, often with periods of remission.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: G44.0
- Pattern: Episodic or chronic clusters
- More common in: Men
Symptoms
- Severe, often described as excruciating, one-sided pain — usually around the eye or temple
- Attacks last 15 minutes to 3 hours
- 1–8 attacks per day during a cluster
- Restlessness or agitation during attacks (in contrast to migraine)
- Associated features on the affected side: red eye, tearing, runny or stuffed nose, eyelid drooping, sweating
- Often occur at the same time of day, including from sleep
Treatment
Acute attacks
- 100% oxygen at 12–15 L/min via non-rebreather mask
- Subcutaneous or nasal triptans
Preventive
- Verapamil (most common)
- Short courses of corticosteroids to break a cluster
- Galcanezumab (CGRP antibody) for episodic cluster headache
- Lithium for chronic forms
- Occipital nerve blocks
When to See a Doctor
See a neurologist for severe recurrent one-sided headaches, especially with autonomic features. Headache patterns that change or new severe headaches should be evaluated.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American Headache Society. Cluster Headache Resources.