Chemical Burns
Chemical burns occur when skin or eyes contact corrosive substances. Immediate, prolonged irrigation with water is the most important step — emergency evaluation is required for all but the most trivial exposures.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: T26 (eye), T20–T25 (skin)
- First step: Copious water irrigation
Immediate First Aid
- Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry
- Flush affected area with cool running water for at least 20 minutes
- For eyes: flush continuously, hold eyelid open, get to ER while flushing
- Don't try to neutralize chemicals (can worsen burn)
- Note the chemical for medical providers (bring container or photo)
- Call Poison Control (1-800-222-1222 in US) and/or 911
Severity
- First-degree — superficial; red, painful
- Second-degree — partial thickness; blisters
- Third-degree — full thickness; charred or white; may be painless from nerve damage
Alkali burns (drain cleaners, cement) often cause deeper damage than acid burns and require longer irrigation.
Hospital Treatment
- Continued irrigation if needed
- Pain control
- Wound care
- Tetanus update
- Ophthalmologic consultation for eye burns
- Skin grafting for deep burns
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American Burn Association. Burn First Aid Information.