Bowel Obstruction
Bowel obstruction occurs when something blocks the normal flow through the intestines. It can develop suddenly and is potentially life-threatening if untreated.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: K56
- Severity: Often emergency
Emergency Symptoms
Seek emergency care for:
- Severe crampy abdominal pain that comes in waves
- Inability to pass gas or stool
- Significant abdominal distension
- Vomiting (especially feculent or bilious)
- Fever with abdominal pain
Common Causes
Small bowel obstruction
- Adhesions from prior abdominal surgery (most common)
- Hernias
- Crohn's disease
- Tumors
Large bowel obstruction
- Colorectal cancer
- Diverticulitis with stricture
- Volvulus (twisted bowel)
- Severe constipation/impaction
Treatment
- NPO (nothing by mouth)
- IV fluids and electrolyte management
- Nasogastric tube decompression
- Many adhesion-related small bowel obstructions resolve with conservative care
- Surgery for complete obstruction, signs of strangulation, or failure to improve
- Stenting for some malignant obstructions
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American College of Surgeons. Bowel Obstruction Resources.