Bone Fracture
A bone fracture is a partial or complete break in a bone. Most fractures heal well with proper alignment and immobilization, but some require surgical repair.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: S02–S92
- Healing time: Weeks to months depending on bone
Common Types
- Closed (simple) — bone broken but skin intact
- Open (compound) — bone breaks through skin; needs urgent surgery to prevent infection
- Greenstick — bone bends and partially breaks (common in children)
- Stress fracture — tiny crack from repetitive force
- Comminuted — bone shattered into multiple pieces
- Pathological — through weakened bone (cancer, osteoporosis)
Symptoms
- Severe pain
- Swelling and bruising
- Deformity or unnatural angle
- Inability to bear weight or use the limb
- Numbness or tingling (concerning — possible nerve injury)
Treatment
- X-ray to confirm and characterize the fracture
- Closed reduction (realignment without surgery) and casting/splinting
- Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for complex fractures
- External fixators for severe open fractures
- Pain control
- Physical therapy for recovery
Healing
Bone healing occurs in stages — inflammation, soft callus formation, hard callus, then remodeling. Full healing takes 6–12 weeks for most fractures, longer for large bones. Smoking, diabetes, malnutrition, and certain medications can delay healing.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Fracture Information.