Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition in which antibodies promote abnormal blood clotting. It can cause clots in arteries or veins and is an important cause of recurrent pregnancy loss.
Table of Contents
Quick Facts
- ICD-10: D68.61
- Type: Autoimmune coagulation disorder
- Common feature: Clots, pregnancy loss
Features
- Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism
- Stroke or TIA, often in young people
- Recurrent miscarriage, stillbirth, or preeclampsia
- Livedo reticularis (lacy purple skin pattern)
- Low platelet count
Diagnosis
APS is diagnosed by combining a clinical event (clot or pregnancy complication) with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies on testing 12 weeks apart:
- Lupus anticoagulant
- Anticardiolipin antibodies
- Anti–β2-glycoprotein I antibodies
Treatment
- Long-term anticoagulation after a clot (usually warfarin)
- Low-dose aspirin and low-molecular-weight heparin in pregnancy
- Avoid estrogen-containing contraceptives
- Treat other clot risk factors aggressively
When to See a Doctor
Anyone with an unprovoked clot at a young age, recurrent miscarriage, or unexplained stroke should be evaluated for APS. Suspected acute clots are emergencies — call 911 for stroke or chest pain symptoms.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can you have APS without lupus?
Yes — primary APS occurs on its own. Secondary APS occurs alongside lupus or other autoimmune diseases.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
References
- American College of Rheumatology. Antiphospholipid Syndrome Patient Information.